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1 – 4 of 4To prepare semi‐synthetic oils satisfying the classification API SF/CC and SAE 10W30 from mineral base oils derived from high paraffinic petroleum, synthetic alkylbenzenes base…
Abstract
Purpose
To prepare semi‐synthetic oils satisfying the classification API SF/CC and SAE 10W30 from mineral base oils derived from high paraffinic petroleum, synthetic alkylbenzenes base oils, and suitable additives.
Design/methodology/approach
The mixtures of base mineral oils of deep hydro‐isomerization derived from high‐paraffinic petroleum (viscosity at 100°C is 12.5 cSt) and the mixtures of the synthetic alkyl aromatics oils with the naphthenic components (viscosity at 100°C of 8.0 cSt) were used as base oil. viscosity‐temperature properties, pour points, and flash points were modified by mixing of suitable additives. Octan M‐1, Octan M‐2, Octan M‐3, and Octan M‐4 oils were obtained by application of suitable additives into the prepared base oils B‐C. In order to get the SAE 10W30 requirements the viscous additive was added (0.4‐0.6 mass percent) to prepared base oils. For obtaining the API/SF/CC grade oils, package additive (Hitec 9229) additive was added (4.7 mass percent) to the mixture. The oil (Octan M‐1) was tested in the engine of Mercedes‐Benz model 230 car and positive results over 20,000 km running.
Findings
It was observed that, viscosities and pour points change linearly as the mass percent of alkylbenzenes the in the base oil mixture is changed. This realizes the possibility of the creation of semi‐synthetic motor oil of desired properties in the case of lack of other low‐viscosity synthetic component such as poly‐á‐olefins, diester and polyester oil. The obtained oils are useful for service in relatively mild climatic conditions (average temperature of the winter period −15 to −30°C).
Research limitations/implications
The obtained oils cannot fully satisfy the requirements of the engines by pour point and low‐temperature characteristics in the absence of additives.
Practical implications
Because of complexity of obtained mixture, it was impossible to study the structure and composition of the obtained products by modern techniques such as high field NMR spectroscopy.
Originality/value
Details practical information on preparation of four semi‐synthetic oils satisfying the classification API SF/CC are reported.
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Weiwei Wang, Shan Jiang, Yan Shen, Shunba Xia and Jiujun Xu
This paper aims to address the polymerization of 1-decene by [Emim]Cl/AlCl3 ionic liquid and the film-forming properties of the product compared with commercially available base…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to address the polymerization of 1-decene by [Emim]Cl/AlCl3 ionic liquid and the film-forming properties of the product compared with commercially available base stocks.
Design/methodology/approach
Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of [Emim]Cl/AlCl3 mole ratio, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time and water on the polyreaction. Poly alpha-olefin (PAO) is prepared under optimal reaction condition. Film-forming properties of PAO have been compared with those of Group I, Group II and Group III base stocks, which are selected with approximately the same viscosity.
Findings
Experimental results show that after a 4-h reaction time, yield of PAO can be higher than 85 per cent and viscosity index can be up to 160 with [Emim] Cl/AlCl3 mole ratio of 2:1, catalyst dosage of 3 per cent wt. and water content of 20 ppm. A strong influence of water on reaction is observed. With approximately the same viscosity, PAO shows the superiority in film thickness at low-sliding speeds compared with Group I and Group II base stocks. At high temperature, PAO provides a thicker film than other base stocks.
Originality/value
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in ionic liquids. As a novel catalyst, it has so many advantages including low corrosion, low toxicity, low cost and a potentially wide range of properties compared with traditional catalysts. This paper reports the polymerization of 1-decene by [Emim]Cl/AlCl3 ionic liquid and the study on lubricating properties of PAO compared with mineral base stocks.
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Tinggui Wang, Guoxing Cai, Letao Zhang, Li Ma, Erlei Yu and Wumanjiang Eli
– The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of biphenyl with 1-octene was completed using methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as catalyst.
Abstract
Purpose
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of biphenyl with 1-octene was completed using methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as catalyst.
Design/methodology/approach
Single factor experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of the molar ratio of biphenyl to 1-octene, the amount of MSA, reaction temperature and reaction time on the olefins conversion and the yield of product to obtain the optimal reaction conditions. Under the optimum conditions, a lubricating base stock was synthesized, and its physical, chemical and electrical properties were determined.
Findings
The experimental results showed that after a 5 h reaction time at 353 K, the olefins conversion of 94.9 per cent and the yield of product of 69.3 per cent were obtained with a molar ratio of biphenyl to 1-octene of 1.2 and a molar ratio of MSA to 1-octene of 1. Under the optimum conditions, a lubricating base stock was synthesized, and its physical, chemical and electrical properties were determined. The results suggested that the synthetic base stock could be used as refrigeration oil.
Originality/value
In this manuscript, biphenyl was alkylated with 1-octene using MSA as the catalyst and 2.6-di-t-butylphenol as polymerization inhibitor. Compared with traditional catalysts, it has so many advantages as low tendency to oxidize organic compounds, low toxicity and less corrosion. In addition, it can be readily separated from the reaction mixture and can be reused. Moreover, MSA is an environmentally friendly material.
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Firdovsi Tataroglu Sejidov and Yagoub Mansoori
The paper aims to study the effects of introducing oxypropyl segments into the trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters along with lowering the linear chain length from C5‐C9 to C5‐C6 on…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to study the effects of introducing oxypropyl segments into the trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters along with lowering the linear chain length from C5‐C9 to C5‐C6 on the properties of base lubricants.
Design/methodology/approach
Various amounts of oxypropylene segments were introduced into the TMP skeleton and obtained polyols subsequently esterified by pure C5‐, C6‐, and mixture of C5‐C6‐ aliphatic monocarboxylic acids of normal structure (SFAc mixture).
Findings
Introducing oxypropylene segments into TMP skeleton, along with lowering the carboxylic acid chain length from C5‐C9 to C5‐C6, ester base lubricants obtained improved mechanical and wear preventive characteristics.
Research limitations/implications
Because of complexity of obtained mixture, it was impossible to study the structure and composition of the obtained products by modern techniques such as high field NMR spectroscopy.
Practical implications
The obtained materials have high boiling points under reduced pressure (2 mmHg). Producing higher vacuums will make the distillation process easier.
Originality/value
This paper fulfils detail information on the experimentally preparation of oxypropylated TMPs as synthetic base lubricants. The synthesized compounds showed improved properties such as high viscosity at 100°C, low pour point, high flash point, and totally excellent viscosity‐temperature properties than simple TMP esters and some literature reported ester base lubricants.
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